Children With Depression essays

Children With Depression essays Running head: PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSED STUDENTS Psychological Treatment for Depressed Students Depression in school-age children may be one of the most overlooked and undertreated psychological disorders of childhood, presenting a serious mental health problem. Depression in children has become an important issue in research due to its many emotional forms, and its relationship to self-destructive behaviors. Depressive disorders are of particular importance to school psychologists, who are often placed in the best position to identify, refer, and treat depressed children. Procedures need to be developed to identify depression in students to avoid allowing those children struggling with depression to go undetected. Depression is one of the most treatable forms of disorders, with an 80-90% chance of improvement if individuals receive treatment (Dubuque, 1998). On the other hand, if untreated, serious cases of depression in childhood can be severe, long, and interfere with all aspects of development, relationships, school progress, and family life (Janzen, The existence of depression in school-age children was nearly unrecognized until the 1990s. In the past, depression was thought of as a problem that only adults struggled with, and if children did experience it, they experienced depression entirely different than adults did. Psychologists of the psychoanalytic orientation felt that children were unable to become depressed because their superegos were inadequately developed (Fuller, 1992). More recently, Clarizio and Payette (1990) found that depressed school-age children and depressed adults share the same basic symptoms. In fact, only a few minor differences between childhood and adult depression have been found, including the assumption that with childhood depression, irritable mood may serve as a substitute for the depressed mood criterion (Waterman Depression in stude...

Make your reports irresistibly interesting - Emphasis

Make your reports irresistibly interesting Make your reports irresistibly interesting People who are extraordinarily knowledgeable unfortunately have an extraordinary capacity for being boring. So when you’re writing reports, how do you make sure they impart all the information they need to, without putting the reader to sleep? The chap in the picture knows a tip or two, and well come back to him a bit later. One thing that can make knowledgeable writers boring is an imbalance in information between writer and reader. If you know a lot, and your reader knows very little, there is a danger of factual overload. This can be very dull. (If the reader is polite, they will probably call it ‘dense’ or ‘technical’ – at least to your face.) It’s context that’s the problem. Context is the medium within which facts make sense. You, having immersed yourself studiously in your subject for months or years, are positively dripping with context. Your reader, coming face to face with the subject for the first time, isn’t. As a result, what you may find interesting, they may find rather dry. As a question-setter for the BBC quiz show Mastermind, I’m routinely confronted by this kind of imbalance. I stand by the principle that knowledge is never boring. To those who know all there is to know about their specialist subject, it’s all interesting: when you know that Joseph Gayetty is said to have invented the first commercial toilet paper in 1857, it’s interesting that Emperor Hongwu of China was ordering custom-made toilet paper for the imperial court back in the 14th century. When you know that, in cricket, the googly is usually delivered out of the back of the bowler’s hand, it’s interesting that the Australian Jack Iverson found a way to deliver it from between his thumb and forefinger. Every field of endeavour and every sector of business is stuffed with this sort of arcana. Not all facts are equally interesting So how do you persuade your readers that they should find these things just as interesting as you do? It’s not about compromising on accuracy. Without integrity, without a commitment to the facts, your reports won’t do the job you need them to do. Putting reader-appeal before accuracy might suit a tabloid newspaper, but it’s simply self-defeating when your primary goal is effective communication. Instead, it’s about identifying the elements of your report or proposal that are able to flourish without a support network of life-giving context. We might call them ‘mudskippers’, after the fish that have the ability to breathe and move around on land as well as underwater. How do you spot a mudskipper? Let’s say I have room in my report for 50 facts. Let’s say that the central, critical message of my report constitutes 20 of these. These are the facts that simply have to go in, ditchwater-dull or mudskipper-interesting, and that’s fine – this is a business report, after all. What we’re discussing here are those other 30 facts, the information that comprises your supporting argument and turns a stark list of take-home statements into an effective and fully rounded report. This is where your mudskipper-spotting skills can make the difference. As a knowledgeable person, you’re in the privileged position of being able to see the goings-on behind the green curtain. You’re the scuba diver who can see the vast, vibrant coral atoll that to the airline passenger flying overhead is just a bleak bollard in the middle of the ocean. This privileged position is hard-earned – but it’s one you have to relinquish if you want to do a good job of communicating your expertise. You have to swallow the unpalatable reality that, to your readers, not all facts are equally interesting. You’ll soon understand how Charles Darwin felt when, after spending decades establishing himself as an all-time world expert on barnacles, all anyone ever wanted to ask him about was On The Origin Of Species. It’s frustrating, but it’s necessary. How to spot a mudskipper Mudskippers – those versatile ideas that don’t perish when taken out of context – needn’t be sensational. If they are, treat them with extreme caution. And they shouldn’t be trivial. They should help the reader understand your message, but, just as importantly, they should make the reader want to understand. They’ll often jump out at you during the research process. They might be of a different category to the surrounding information (a name, rather than a number, say). They might have a hinterland (historical, geographical, cross-sectoral). They might introduce an element of humanity (a quotation might sometimes be a mudskipper). Mudskippers are facts with flavour. They’re the information equivalent of umami – that fifth flavour of savoury hard-to-describe ‘meatiness’ – the quality that makes everything just that bit more moreish. Knowledge is power. But only when you know how to use it.

Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Media Analysis - Essay Example nts such as the tempo, rhythm, harmony, modality, among others, are crucial as they participate in the process of disseminating message in the media production to its intended audience. This essay discusses how music influences media production in both the positive and negative ways, if there is any. When music is used as an accompaniment in high-definition slide sets, television, motion pictures, and films productions, both the media producers and commercial producers accept and recommend this. In this case, music will be in the form of background, or mood music. However, there has been a debate whether this kind of music in media production results in increased motivation, enjoyment, and more learning for the people receiving the message in the media production (Seidman WEB). Some people believe that if the media production is meant exclusively for learning or education purposes, then the inclusion of background or mood music is unnecessary. This is because it lowers the concentration of the audience, and instead of paying attention to the educative material in the media, most will concentrate on the music alone. Various experimental evidence also point to this fact. Other scholars have argued against use of music in educational media because music produces different moods on the people, therefore, their mood of learning might be messed up, such that they will not benefit from what was meant to be an educative media session. This includes both instructional films and educational television programs. However, in media productions with other goals apart from educational goals, it is right to use the music. These include entertainment media productions, where people have entertainment as their sole purpose. Whether they concentrate or not, it will not cost them much, as music is also meant for entertainment (Seidman WEB). There are different roles music plays in media productions. For instance, in movies, background music gives the audience some relaxation and

Discussion LIGHTING DESIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion LIGHTING DESIGN - Assignment Example ts, because in the movies, every actor gets a chance for retake and correct the mistakes during the retake, but in the plays actors do not get the chance for retake. Quality lighting can assist in hiding the mistakes of the character of the play and produce an optimistic impact among the audiences mind. I agree with this assertion that lighting design can change the atmosphere as well as mood of the audiences. The intensity of lights, color and movement of lights helps in creating a visual magic. To support my answer, I have presented some examples about the assertion. In this regard, play, can be regarded as best example wherein the views, comments and different kinds of interpretations are expressed in a brilliant manner with the help of lighting design. Lighting design highlights the change in the atmosphere from gloomy to interesting. Changing of lighting not only give focus light to the actor of the play, side by side give various lights according to storytelling to signify the importance of the play. In the play, â€Å"Oedipus the king† there are only two main characters. Each character has taken the play to another level with the support of various types of lighting design to create drama and emotions among the mind of audience. Therefore it can be asserted that, corr ect lighting and design can chance the moods as well as environment of the play to a considerable

Social Policy Essay Example for Free

Social Policy Essay Demonstrate an understanding of the historical and ideological developments of UK social policy, identifying the underpinning principles and values. Social policy is defined as actions aimed at promoting social well being (Alcock). It is not just about state legislation but also about what the government does to support and interfere with the well being of citizens. Policies can be regarded as embodying ideas about society, the economy and views about justice, equality and individual responsibility (Alcock). Social policy as a whole looks at the rules and procedures made by the government to keep the publics best interests at heart. The social policy that is being focused on is Healthcare. In the early 1940s a report was written by a man called William Beveridge, highlighting problems in society. Ever since then, this social policy has been subject to changes and reforms made by each political party in their time of running. Healthcare as a whole has a huge impact on its service users as well as its service workers and I believe it to be one of the most important social policies. In 1942, Beveridge published a report recommending ways that the government could improve post war Britain. He stated that they should begin by tackling the 5 Giant Evils : Want, Squalor, Disease (Health), Ignorance and Idleness. This led to many social reforms and in 1945 when the labour party was elected into power, Clement Atlee was made priminister. This proved to be beneficial for the country and resulted in over 200 acts being passed from 1945 to 1948. One of the acts passed was the National Health Service act passed by the minister for health Aneurin Bevan. He wanted to make sure that every citizen could access the best medical care when they needed it and for it to be free at the point of use. The aim of the NHS was to reduce ill-health and promote good health in all citizens. Between high infant mortality rates and general poor health of the public he knew actions had to be taken. Before the NHS, the 2,700 hospitals were either run by charities or local authorities with only those in employment entitled to free treatment. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7405526.stm). Prior to the actual start of the NHS, many of the working doctors shared a conservative and neoliberal  ideology about this new act. They believe that a government run health service would take away the individuality of their profession and make them ‘puppets of the state’. The conservative party shared these views as well as the British Medical Association, who started a survey voting against the NHS. Conservative politicians had a very right wing approach to things, believing in social hierarchy and believed social inequality to be inevitable. The labour party adopted a collectivist way of thinking. They focused more on those who were disadvantaged and devised ways to improve it which resulted in the introduction of the NHS in 1948. On the 5th July 1948 the NHS was introduced and resulted in free healthcare for UK citizens. In addition it created a mass amount of jobs in the healthcare sector. The Election of Clement Atlee in 1945 proved to be beneficial and resulted in over 200 acts being passed from 1945 to 1948 as well as the NHS act. In 1979 Margaret Thatcher led the conservative party into power. The conservative party shared right wing, neoliberal ideas about the way things were being run. As an individualistic ideology neo liberalism was very much pro market and against public provision and involvement of the state. Thatcher and the conservatives believed that collectivism and free welfare services encouraged lazy people to become dependant on the government.

Water in the Baptismal Ceremony :: Theology Essays

Water in the Baptismal Ceremony In the baptismal ceremony water is used during the baptism part of the ceremony. At this point the priest pours blessed water over the forehead of the baby three times whilst saying, "(Name), I baptize you in the name of the father, and of the son and of the Holy Spirit." Water is a powerful symbol. It is also a rich symbol it makes things clean. It is also a symbol of life and death. Without water plants, animals and humans would not be able to survive (life). It is a sign of destruction, causes floods and it can cause death through drowning. In the sacrament of baptism it is also a sign of life and death. Death in that it is death to original sin and old life of sin before baptism. Life in that it is a new life with God as a Christian free from sin. In the bible water has taken part in many miracles, including, Noah and the great flood, Moses and the red sea, Jesus walks on water and Jesus calms a storm. The story of Moses and the red sea is very relevant when talking about Baptism. Before Moses parted the sea he and the Israelites had been living in their old life of slavery. After they reached the other side of the water they had begun their new life of freedom. When they passed through the water death was brought to their old life and they had begun their new life, just when being baptized. In baptism when blessed with the water death is brought to the catechumens old life and they begin their new life. The White Garment. In the baptismal ceremony the priest clothes the catechumen with a white garment, usually a shawl. He then says, "See in this white garment an outward sign of Christian Dignity." The white garment represents putting on Christ. The parents, god parents and friends then promise to, by their words and examples, help the newly baptized child to bring that dignity unstained into the Heavenly eternal life.

Don’t Live to Eat but Eat to Live Essay

The title sounds easy right? Eat to live, don’t live to eat. Simple enough. So why do I go to the park and half of the people I see are overweight or severely obese? Why are their kids fat? Why do my coworkers have fat rolls that hang off the back of their chairs? It’s a question I have asked myself over and over again. There have been many theories as to why people are fatter today than they were 100 years ago. Now you can choose to believe the BS about good calories and bad calories or that we are fatter because we don’t eat like our ancestors. You can also choose to believe that calories don’t matter and we are fat because of the processed junk food we consume so much of. By taking a look at fat people, we can make the most probable assumption that they consume more calories than they expend. So, if you are in tune with what happens when energy intake is greater than expenditure, you know the excess energy is stored as body fat or contributes to LBM gain under certain situations. Why is this important? A long time ago when we had to chase down our food and stab it with a sharp object, storing fat was essential for survival as it could be days or weeks before we might feast again. So after I expended all of that energy hunting down the kangaroo, you can bet your sweet loin cloth I am going to sit and stuff myself for the next few days. Now some of that ingested energy went to preserving lean body mass but a lot of the excess was shuttled right into my fat cells. Thankfully we have the ability to store fat, otherwise I wouldn’t be here today writing this article. So here is what I have noticed. While it’s not revolutionary, it’s not something we think about much. We are Emotional Eaters Many of us are emotional eaters. We sometimes eat to relieve stress and find comfort in eating certain foods. While I have not looked at statistics, I am willing to bet those of us at high stress jobs are more likely to be overweight than those in less stressful positions. I witnessed this at a previous job where over half of the workers there were over weight and some were dangerously obese. The day job was very stressful and the cafeteria served some really calorie dense food. People would go to lunch and take the edge off by eating a foot long chili cheese dog or go down the road and polish off a few big macs. Then when it was time to head home, I am sure many hit the pint of ice cream for their post dinner indulgence. I have also noticed people working in lower stress environments to be slimmer and more fit. I supposed they had more energy and vigor outside of work to be more active than their stressed out counterparts. Now this could all be coincidence and anecdotal but I have a hunch there is more to it than that. Lots and Lots of Food If you live in America, you know how easy food is to come by. We are constantly being told to eat thanks to TV, radio and the internet(I am thinking about ordering a pizza right now because of the Domino’s ad I see on the web page). This seems to screw with our natural cravings. It’s like we only become hungry because food is always in front of our face. So we only think we are hungry. We eat and then a few hours later are bombarded again with more advertisements of food. Time to go to Wendy’s! No wonder we are a bunch of fatties. Lack of Balance This is probably the biggest factor in the obesity epidemic we are facing. The fact is most people are very sedentary. We wake up, go to work, sit for 8 hours and return home to sit some more until we hit the sack. Now this may sound a bit exaggerated but it’s not far from the truth for many. Most of the people living like this are very chunky too. People like to argue and say they have a metabolic disorder. They say â€Å"I eat the same amount that my grandparents used to eat and they were always thin. † I wonder if working on a farm and doing manual labor had anything to do with them staying so slim? If you are sedentary and desire to maintain your weight it’s most definitely a great idea to begin working out a few times per week, burn some calories and move around a bit more than usual. Perhaps you can begin walking on your lunch break. If you don’t have time to do any extra activity, then the only way to manage your weight is by watching what you eat and keep it at your maintenance intake. Now ideally, you will be doing both of these(exercise and watching your diet) for optimal results. Eat To Live Eating purely out of necessity is often hard to do because some food tastes so good. Sometimes we eat a little too much or indulge a bit too often. I am not telling you to completely limit your intake of what you really enjoy eating because that will only make you crazy. This is coming from the guy ho eats cereal every day because he absolutely loves it. I really love a big bowl of Cap’n Crunch with cold whole milk. The main point I am trying to make here is we should view food as energy and nothing else. You simply need energy to live. Do not get hung up on food being bad or good, clean or unclean. This will only lead to a terrible relationship with food. I have experienced some slight issues with binge eating, thus I had to take the time to reestablish a healthy relationship with food. Nowadays I am not concerned with what I eat, as long as I eat enough for my current goals. I make sure to get my protein, fish oil and fill in the rest with the other macros. I may eat pizza, tacos, oats or have a few beers. Once you can view food as nothing but a fuel source, a piece of chocolate cake or a bowl of rice is essentially the same difference. They both provide energy. We need energy to live. Don’t live to eat, eat to live. Many people struggle to attain the health goals that they want to achieve. Whether those goals are losing weight, lowering cholesterol levels or just getting into better overall health, the foundation for those goals is a healthy diet. Diet is a four letter word. I’m not sure if you’re aware of that. When people hear the word diet, they cringe. They immediately think it means you have to eat very little, and the food that you’re allowed to eat must taste terrible. I am here to tell you that does not have to be the case. When I talk about diet I mean diet in its most basic meaning. The first definition of diet listed in the dictionary is as follows: Diet (n) – food and drink considered in terms of its qualities, composition, and its effects on health. It’s not about breaking down what you’re eating a cutting a bunch of it out to lose weight. It’s about the quality of the food that you are putting into you mouth and how it will affect your overall health. It truly is about your habits with regard to food. When patients come into my office diet is always something that we modify. Patients come to see us for a wide range of conditions, but dietary change is almost always necessary. There is the occasional patient that already has a perfect diet, but they are few and far between. Patients are very motivated at first to change their eating habits because they are very motivated to feel better. As they get into their programs motivation dwindles and people begin to miss their comfort foods. It really is amazing how much people depend on food to make them happy. It should not be that way. Food can certainly be a source of joy. There is nothing better than a good piece of steak or a tasty chicken breast sometimes. However, if foods become your only enjoyment there is a problem. Food should be nourishment, not your sole source of pleasure. Patients, even when they are achieving the results they desire, complain about the dietary changes they’ve been forced to make. Of course the alternative is to continue down the path they were on, eat as they wish and continue to feel bad. Either way they feel trapped. This is where the mind set needs to switch. They need to finally realize that they need to eat to live, not live to eat. If a person can understand that concept, accept it and then apply it, dietary changes are easy. You are eating to be healthy and therefore happy. Not the other way around. Patients that have the hardest time changing often do not accept this concept. They don’t want to give up ice cream, candy, cakes, etc. ecause they get enjoyment out of consuming them. There are physiological reasons for this of course, but even when those are addressed the mindset does not change. If one can decide to use food as a tool to get healthy rather than a tool to be happy changes occur much faster. Remember this concept: food is fuel for our bodies. We need it to function. We need it to live. We can certainly enjoy it, but it should not be a tool to make us happy. We should view food simply as something that can nourish our bodies and make us healthy. Viewing it this way makes it much easier to make good choices. Inevitably people who choose â€Å"comfort foods† make bad choices. When was the last time you heard that someone over ate chicken breast? It doesn’t happen. People over eat the bad stuff like donuts, chips or ice cream because they are eating for joy, not for nourishment. Abiding by the eat to live, don’t live to eat mantra will serve you well because it will help you make the right diet choices for the right reasons. Chances are, you’ve tried to lose weight. The first goal of dieting is to stop further weight gain. The next goal is to establish a realistic weight loss goals. Any intentional weight reduction results in health benefits. And, the amount of weight loss can improve your health. Changing your behavior to adopt a healthier lifestyle can be tough; however it’s easier to make healthy lifestyle changes one step at a time. Sticking to a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables and exercising regularly are also proven ways to prevent diseases such as cancer and heart complications. Losing weight is not simple because many factors affect how much or how little food a person eats and how that food is metabolized by the body. Your weight depends on the number of calories you consume, how many of those calories you store, and how many you burn. If you decrease your food intake and consume fewer calories than you burn, or if you exercise more and burn up more calories, your body will reduce some of your fat stores. In order to turn your body into a weight loss machine, you must start by determining how many calories you should consume each day. Weight loss can be accomplished by eating fewer calories and by exercising to help you burn fat and calories and keep the weight off. Exercise can boost your metabolism increase muscle mass as a result you burn more calories. The most effective method for weight loss is reducing the number of calories you consume while increasing the number of calories you burn through physical activity. In order to reach this goal, you must multiply your current weight by 15 that’s about the number of calories per pound of body weight needed to maintain your current weight if you do at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day. To lose one to two pounds a week your food consumption should provide less than your total weight-maintenance calories. You will also need to build more activity into your day. In order to lose at least a pound a week, try to do at least 30 minutes of physical activity at least three days a week, and reduce your daily calorie intake. Physical activity is an important part of weight management. However, calorie intake should not fall below 1,200. Becoming physically active can help you burn extra calories and naturally increase your glucose uptake by increasing your metabolism and muscle mass. Whether you want to drop 10 pounds or 100, the truth is that no weight loss plan will work if you don’t stay with it. Our bodies require a complex array of nutritional components, and especially the micro-nutrients that are missing from the normal diet. The question is how to do this while eating less. The answer is to eat super foods, or booster foods. Booster foods provide us with a full spectrum concentrated nutrition with minimal caloric content. A well-functioning metabolism has three jobs: it converts energy from the food we eat into work and heat; it eliminates toxins and any unnecessary nutrients in the form of waste; and it stores glucose in the form of lycogen and extra energy as fat for future use. All of these functions are interrelated and interdependent; they rely on each other. One cannot function properly without the support of the other two. Healthy leanness results from burning fat and building muscle. Many people try to lose weight, but fewer people lose weight and keep it off. The first step in losing weight safely is to determine a realistic weight goal. If you want to lose weig ht, cutting calories or controlling your portions is a good place to start. After determining a reasonable goal weight, devise an eating plan. Our eating habit and lifestyle have a great impact on our body. This does not mean you have to stop eating your favorite foods. It means you must reduce your caloric intake. Set a realistic weight loss goal. One of your goals should be to lose a few pounds and be able to keep it off for a long time. Eating foods high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains can be an important aid in weight maintenance because eating enough of fiber can help make a person feel full or curb your appetite longer. Weight loss is a continuous process.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Rights Essay

This brings me to the system theory. A system has interconnected parts that depend on each other to develop the mutual goal, which is a successful center. The interconnected parts are the environment, the processes, and the outcomes. Each component needs the support of the other to keep the common goal. According to Bloom the system theory is, â€Å"A set of interrelated parts that is characterized by the interdependence of its parts and it differentiation from its environment, a complex network of social relationships, and its own unique culture. † (Bloom, 2005, p. ) The environment is a place where input is implemented. When I think of a childcare center environment I think of children and how they develop. I think of the atmosphere, the setting, and the conditions that can spark the chil d’s analytical thinking abilities. But that is just the internal environment. The external environments consist of the parents, sponsoring agencies, local communities, legislative bo dies, and the professional communities / teachers. â€Å"The external environment places constraints and demands on the center. † (Bloom, 2005) The external environment is the input and processing stage. This is a collaboration of people and agencies that come up with strategies to support the development of the center. The centers that have sponsors have money and agencies that develop supportive programs such as art, literacy, and technology. Columbia College sponsors the center that I work for. The center used the money Columbia gave them to developed a program for the teachers to learn the importance of art and how a person can utilize art throughout the day. Parents, sponsoring agencies, local communities, legislative bodies, and the professional communities / teachers are big factors on the input and processing stage. Parents may demand that the students have more free play and outdoor play. The sponsoring agencies might require more outcome data. The local communities may ask the center to stop the students from writing on the ground with chalk. The Legislative bodies may require the students to take shorter naps for more gross motor activities. The professional communities may ask for better wages for their degrees. (Bloom, 2005, p. 6) After the inputs of complaints or suggestions the director needs to structure and process how to develop a plan of action. Getting feedback from the sources that asked for the changes is essential. After developing a plan of action the director can stand back and observe if the changes are working or not. This system allows the director to process the changes, implement the changes, and revise the changes if needed to prefect the change. The outcome process is very important because it could either sink or sail a center. If the changes in the program are not supported by staff, and parents this may become a problem that causes low enrollment, and staff turnovers. I am experiencing these problematic issues at the center I work for. Four years ago the center hired a new director. During the four years she has made lots of changes. She changed classroom teacher teams. She closed classrooms that were bringing in the students. She put teachers in infant classrooms when they did not want to work with babies. Recently she enforced closed campus lunch. No one can go out for lunch. You have to order your lunch or bring your lunch from home. She stated that it was mandated by the state. She gave all the teachers the head-start licensing standards that stated the teacher child ratio. It said nothing about our lunch hour. We also have low enrollment. Parents are complaining about teachers’ morale and the director’s attitude. How you implement change can affect the outcome and cause staff and parents to be disgruntle. As Bloom stated, â€Å"Problems can arise when directors and boards lack adequate data and bas decisions about outcomes on inference. † (Bloom, 2005, p. 16) My director did not collaborate with her environment. She is an autocratic leader. She is a dictator. She does not give anyone an opportunity to be involved with the decision making process. As it stated in the article Leadership Styles, autocratic leaders are extremely controlling and paternalistic, where leaders have complete power over their staff. Staff and team members have little opportunities to make suggestions, even if these would be in the team’s or the organization’s best interest. (Tools) If my director managed the center in a People oriented/relation oriented approach I believe the center would not be I such a crisis. People oriented/relation oriented approach leaders are totally focused on organizing, supporting, and developing the people on their teams. They treat everyone on the team equally. They’re friendly and approachable. They pay attention to the welfare of everyone in the group, and they make themselves available whenever team members need help or advice. (Tools) Directors need to be mindful of how they lead. A director needs s to know how to coach, mentor and manage the staff. Dictating is not he way to lead. If my director collaborated with the staff, parents, and the community I believe the outcome would be different. Coaching and mentoring is not telling a person what to do.

The eNotes Blog Top 10 Works LostForever

Top 10 Works LostForever There are some things we will just never know: why do we have so many unmatched socks, and what do all those keys we carry around actually unlock? But bigger than all of these mysteries is one of the ultimate onesthe loss to humanity of some possibly important works of literature. This week, Megan Gambino, writing for  Smithsonian.com compiled what she deems to be the Top 10 Books Lost to Time. While there is a chance some of these manuscripts might be located someday, it is a slim chance indeed. Here is a synopsis of her argument: 1.   Homer’s Margites Sadly, absolutely no extant copies exist, though authors such as Plato and Aristotle quote from Magrites in their own works. Interestingly, Magrites was a comedy.   Aristotle held it in as much acclaim as The Iliad and The Odyssey. 2.   Lost Books of the Bible These are not the texts which were discarded from the canon, but works actually lost. These books are referenced within the Bible that we know, but no copies have ever been discovered. The Book of Numbers, for instance, mentions the Book of the Battles of Yahweh. The First and Second Book of Kings and the First and Second Book of Chronicles names a Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and a Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah. There are over 20 titles for which the text is missing, Gambino says. 3. William Shakespeare’s Cardenio Intriguingly, this play is known to have been performed by Shakespeares company, but no copies survive. The plot is said to involve a character named Cardenio who appears in Cervantes Don Quixote. 4.   Inventio Fortunata Inventio Fortunata is the work of an unknown 14th century Franciscan monk who charted the Arctic and described in detail what he believed to be the North Pole. A Flemish author incorporated parts of the work into his own book, Itinerarium, but then that book too went missing. In 1577, the verbiage copied from the monk and then the Flemish writer was once again copied by Gerard Mercator, a leading 16th century cartographer. The information he provided, third hand, was 200 years old. 5. Jane Austen’s Sanditon Jane Austen did not live to complete her final novel, Sandition. She finished eleven chapters but no one knows exactly how she would have resolved it. One author, Anne Telscombe, tried to complement Austens style and finish the work, but the effort was met with a decidedly chilly reception. A reviewer for Time magazine sniffed that if   â€Å"Janeites take their author like warm milk at bedtime,† then Telscombe’s book is â€Å"watery milk.† 6. Herman Melville’s The Isle of the Cross Melvilles novel about a shipwrecked sailor and the woman who falls in love with him was rejected by his publisher, Harpers, for reasons unknown. The manuscript has never resurfaced. 7. Thomas Hardy’s The Poor Man and the Lady This was Hardys first novel, which was rejected by publishers. We know roughly what it is about because of transcripts that exist between the elderly author and the poet Edmund Gosse, a conversation that took place in 1915, some fifty years after the fact. Hardy was fuzzy on the details, but knew it was about a romance between the daughter of a squire and the son of peasants. Hardy thought it to be one of the most original things he had ever written. 8. First draft of Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Rumor has it that Stevenson wrote his novel of 30,000 words in three days, but his wife criticized it, and he got upset and chucked it in the fireplace. Other rumors say that his wife was responsible for the destruction. Either way, or in any other way, the manuscript no longer exists or at least has never been found. 9. Ernest Hemingway’s World War I novel Hemingways first wife, Hadley, had collected some of his long-hand short stories and part of a novel. She put them in a suitcaseand left them on a train. The priceless valise was never recovered. Hemingway was sickened by the loss, saying he wished surgery could erase the memory. He   frequently cited this incident as the catalyst that ended his marriage. 10. Sylvia Plath’s Double Exposure Plath had completed 130 pages of this novel when she took her own life in 1963. Her husband, Ted Hughes, claims there were only about 70 pages, and that her mother took them. But Hughes admits to having burned one of Plaths last journals, claiming it was too much for their children to ever be exposed to, so it is unclear if Hughes was being truthful in this regard or not.

Definition, Examples, and Observations on Writing

Definition, Examples, and Observations on Writing (1) Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be used to convey meaning. See the observations below. Also, see the following topics related to the writing system: AlphabetGraphemicsHandwritingIdeogramLanguageLetter (2) Writing is the act of composing a text. See the observations below. Also, see the following topics related to composition: Academic WritingThe Advantages of Slow Reading and Slow WritingBasic WritingBusiness WritingCollaborative WritingComposition-RhetoricDraftingOnline WritingOverwritingPrewritingRevisionTechnical WritingWriterWriting ProcessYour Writing: Private and Public Writers on Writing Quotes About WritingWhat Is the Secret of Good Writing?What Is Writing Like? (Explaining the Writing Experience Through Similes and Metaphors)Writers on RewritingWriters on WritingWriters on Writing: Overcoming Writers Block Etymology and Pronunciation From an Indo-European root, to cut, scratch, sketch an outline Pronunciation: RI-ting Observations Writing and Language Writing is not language. Language is a complex system residing in our brain which allows us to produce and interpret utterances. Writing involves making an utterance visible. Our cultural tradition does not make this distinction clearly. We sometimes hear statements such as Hebrew has no vowels; this statement is roughly true for the Hebrew writing system, but it is definitely not true for the Hebrew language. Readers should constantly check that they are not confusing language and writing.(Henry Rogers, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach. Blackwell, 2005) Origins of Writing Most scholars now accept that writing began with accountancy. . . . In the late 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in Mesopotamia reached a point at which it outstripped the power of memory of the governing elite. To record transactions in a dependable, permanent form became essential... [E]ssential to the development of full writing, as opposed to the limited, purely pictographic writing of North American Indians and others, was the discovery of the rebus principle. This was the radical idea that a pictographic symbol could be used for its phonetic value. Thus a drawing of an owl in Egyptian hieroglyphs could represent a consonant sound with an inherent m; and in English a picture of a bee with a picture of a leaf might (if one were so minded) represent the word belief.(Andrew Robinson, The Story of Writing. Thames, 1995) The Literate Revolution in Ancient Greece By Aristotles time, political orators, including Demosthenes, were publishing written, polished versions of speeches they had earlier delivered. Though writing had been introduced into Greece in the ninth century [BC], publication long remained a matter of oral presentation. The period from the middle of the fifth to the middle of the fourth centuries B.C. has been called the time of a literate revolution in Greece, comparable to the changes brought in the fifteenth century by the introduction of printing and in the twentieth century by the computer, for reliance on writing greatly increased in this period and affected the perception of texts; see Havelock 1982 and Ong 1982. . . . Rhetoric gave increased attention to the study of written composition. The radical effects of greater reliance on writing can, however, be exaggerated; ancient society remained oral to a much greater degree than modern society, and the primary goal of the teaching of rhetoric was consistently an ability to speak in public. (George A. Kennedy, Aristotle, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. Oxford University Press, 1991) Plato on the Strange Quality of Writing Thamus replied [to Theuth], Now you, who are the father of letters, have been led by your affection to ascribe to them a power the opposite of that which they really possess. For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not practice their memory. . . . You offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many things without instruction and will therefore seem to know many things, when they are for the most part ignorant. Writing, Phaedrus, has this strange quality, and is very like painting; for the creatures of painting stand like living beings, but if one asks them a question, they preserve a solemn silence. And so it is with written words; you might think they spoke as if they had intelligence, but if you question them, wishing to know about their sayings, they always say only one and the same thing. And every word, when once it is written, is bandied about, alike among those who understand and those who have no interest in it, and it knows not to whom to speak or not to speak; when ill-treated or unjustly reviled it always needs its father to help it; for it has no power to protect or help itself.(Socrates in Platos Phaedrus, translated by H. N. Fowler) Further Reflections on Writing Writing is like a drug, too often employed by quacks who dont know what is true and what is false. Like a drug, writing is both a poison and a medicine, but only a real doctor knows its nature and the proper disposition of its power.(Denis Donoghue, Ferocious Alphabets. Columbia University Press, 1981)Writing is not a game played according to rules. Writing is a compulsive, and delectable thing. Writing is its own reward.(Henry Miller, Henry Miller on Writing. New Directions, 1964)Writing is really a way of thinkingnot just feeling but thinking about things that are disparate, unresolved, mysterious, problematic or just sweet.(Toni Morrison, quoted by Sybil Steinberg in Writing for Your Life. Pushcart, 1992)Writing is more than anything a compulsion, like some people wash their hands thirty times a day for fear of awful consequences if they do not. It pays a whole lot better than this type of compulsion, but it is no more heroic.(Julie Burchill, Sex and Sensibility, 1992)It is necess ary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by. How else, indeed, to clap the net over the butterfly of the moment? for the moment passes, it is forgotten; the mood is gone; life itself is gone. That is where the writer scores over his fellows; he catches the changes of his mind on the hop.(Vita Sackville-West, Twelve Days, 1928) You most likely need a thesaurus, a rudimentary grammar book, and a grip on reality. This latter means: theres no free lunch. Writing is work. Its also gambling. You dont get a pension plan. Other people can help you a bit, but  ­essentially youre on your own.  ­Nobody is making you do this: you chose it, so dont whine.(Margaret Atwood, Rules for Writers. The Guardian, February 22, 2010)Why one writes is a question I can answer easily, having so often asked it myself. I believe one writes because one has to create a world in which one can live. I could not live in any of the worlds offered to methe world of my parents, the world of war, the world of politics. I had to create a world of my own, like a climate, a country, an atmosphere where I could breathe, reign, and recreate myself when destroyed by living. That, I believe, is the reason for every work of art. We also write to heighten our awareness of life. We write to lure, enchant, and to console others. We write to serenade. We write to taste life twice, once in the moment and once in retrospection. We write to be able to transcend our life, to reach beyond it. We write to teach ourselves to speak to others, to record the journey into the labyrinth. We write to expand our world when we feel strangled or restricted or lonely.(Anaà ¯s Nin, The New Woman. In Favor of the Sensitive Man and Other Essays. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976) The Lighter Side of Writing Writing is like the worlds oldest profession. First, you do it for your own enjoyment. Then you do it for a few friends. Eventually, you figure, what the hell, I might as well get paid for it.(Television scriptwriter Irma Kalish)

Validation Guidelines Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Validation Guidelines - Article Example   While construct validity involves measurement between constructs, reliability involves measurement within a construct, with the concern being that the instrument items that are selected for a given construct can be taken together. Manipulation validity is traditionally inserted into experimental tests or procedures to measure the extent to which treatments are perceived by the subjects. Statistical conclusion validity assesses the mathematical relationships that exist between variables and makes inferences about whether this statistical formulation correctly expresses the true co-variation. This validity deals with the quality of the statistical evidence of co-variation such as sources of error, the use of appropriate statistical tools, and bias. Type I and Type II errors are classic violations of this kind of validity.The article by David and Joseph tries to establish a method for investigative the cognitive processes and knowledge structures of expert salespeople. It is a study that focuses on the mental process rather than the overt behavior of sales people. Therefore, the research can be termed as activity-oriented. This is an approach which recognizes that people are goal-seeking, and therefore behavior simply becomes the end result of a complex set of underlying mental processes. In the study, the researchers provide such a method for studying the cognitive processes and knowledge structures of highly skilled or expert salespeople. The article derives some data using such this method.   

Caterpillar's Strength in Surviving the Most Recent Global Economic Essay

Caterpillar's Strength in Surviving the Most Recent Global Economic - Essay Example Caterpillar continuously maintained its core competency and followed strategic measures to sustain its state of success in the market of global competition. In the late 1990s, the company was seen to improve more and diversify into engine production, finance, re-engineering and logistics which although showed signs of enhancement in the company’s profits, but at the same time, created concerns over rising debts that could pose troubles for the company in the approaching recession of 2008. Nevertheless, Caterpillar successfully survived the recession and maintained its position in the market (BMAN20002 Caterpillar Inc. Case, pp.1-4). This research study would thus reflect on the company’s strength in terms of its core competency as well as strategic business policies that might have aided the company to survive through the phase of recession. Performance of the company before and after the recession of 2008: The performance of the company before and after the recession c an be studied by going through some of the financials of the company. For this purpose, the financials of last four years, comprising the period between 2007 and 2010, have been taken into consideration. The case study indicates that the company had improved its performance in the late 1990s. From a period of 1980 till 2007, the company’s results showed fluctuations but an overall increase in its net sales came about moving from as low as $10000m to $50000m, and the operating profit margins ranging from a negative percentage to as high as 15 percent (BMAN20002 Caterpillar Inc. Case, p.6). The gross profit, the operating income, and the net income of the company from 2007 till 2010 are represented in Exhibit 1 below: Exhibit 1. Gross profit, Operating income and Net income of Caterpillar Company from December 2007 till December 2010 (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). (In millions of US Dollars) December 31, 2007 (USD) December 31, 2008 (USD) December 31, 2009 (USD) December 31, 2010 (USD) Gross profit 11,200.0 11,756.0 7,465.0 11,307.0 Operating income 4,921.0 4,478.0 1,305.0 3,996.0 Net Income 3,541.0 3,557.0 895.0 2,700.0 Thus if the profits and income as represented for the period before and after the recession are considered, it can be found that the company had suffered losses from the period between 2008 and 2009; however the results improved thereafter reflecting that the company had successfully survived the recession. The return on the company’s equity for the period before and after the recession can be represented through the following table: Exhibit 2. Return on Equity (ROE) of Caterpillar Company for the period from December 2007 till December 2010 (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). (In millions of US Dollars) December 31, 2007 (USD) December 31, 2008 (USD) December 31, 2009 (USD) December 31, 2010 (USD) Net Income 3,541.0 3,557.0 895.0 2,700.0 Equity 8,996.0 6,714.0 9,300.0 11,325.0 ROE (Net Income / Equity) (in %) 0.39 0.53 0.10 0.24 Th e return on equity had been reasonably low over the last four years. However after the recession the percentage had fallen very low which can be found to be improving sooner as reflected through the results of December 2010. The debt issued by the company can be represented through the following chart that would show whether the company had to face troubles owing to increasing debt amounts. Figure 1. Debts issued