The Effects of rewards on employee motivation Essay

The Effects of rewards on employee motivation - Essay Example As researches at the work level have shown, however, these needs for external rank or status are not the only needs which the worker brings to his work situation. Research has also shown the importance to the worker of the need to belong, to be liked, and to be an accepted member of a group. These member or internal rewards are thus highly prized by the worker (Reed 32). To become an accepted or high-ranking member of a work group, however, exacts its toll or cost: one must abide by its values and norms. But by abiding by its values and norms, the member's needs for association, friendship, approval, and support are satisfied. His standing or rank in the eyes of his fellow workers also goes up (Schuler 78). "The components of the motivation function include motivation theories, appropriate job design, reward and incentive systems, compensation, and benefits" (DeCenzo and Robbins 51). The terms "external" as applied to the concept of needs or rewards refer primarily to the source, organizationally speaking, through which individual needs tend to be satisfied (Schuler 79). The external needs include the need for economic rewards such as pay and job security. Through these economic rewards, of course, the individual satisfies many physical and biological needs which are elementary in human survival and adaptation. The external needs also include the need for status and to be engaged in interesting work; that is, to satisfy the desire to do work that tests competence and expresses some creative ability in individuals. In modern industry most of the needs included in the external category are associated with the larger organization and the management union structure (Reed 33). Management generally decides what and how work is to be done. Armstrong and Murlis (2007) underlines that: "aim is to offer a value proposition and maximize the combined impact of a wide range of reward initiatives on motivation, commitment and job engagement" (12). Through the process of collective bargaining, an organization-wide pay structure is established, setting the level of pay for various tasks. Similarly, other economic policies are established which determine the conditions of work which are external to the individual and the small group of which he is a part. At times, consequently, researchers call the external rewards "reward by management" (Reed 40; Lashaway-Bokina 225). Motivation is defined as a psychological force, analogous to a physical force in that it is a vector quantity possessing both magnitude and direction. Motivation is the amount of effort that one desires to expend in a given direction. The amount of effort one does expend to reach a goal is assumed, in the absence of the imposition of constraints on effort expenditure, to be in direct proportion to the amount of effort one desires to expend (Reed 40). Alternatively stated, and again neglecting constraints, the amount of eff

Tea market segmetation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tea market segmetation - Research Paper Example Tea bags and loose leafs will be packaged in paper and aluminium boxes in 50gm and 100 gm packaging. Cold ready mix teas will be packaged in soft pouch and also aluminium cans. The printing on packaging will not inform customers about the brand and its values but also provide history of herbal and specialized teas and their benefits according to the type of tea. The front of packaging will have soft images of herbal and specialized teas stored in it. The logo of the brand will comprise of a leaf image in green colour with colourful vibrant background. d. Place The company aims to adopt a step wise approach to the market where distribution network will be used to distribute different types of herbal and specialized teas to wholesalers, retailers, restaurants, hotels, and coffee shops. Wholesalers in particular will be engaged to make distribution to large retail stores such as Tesco, Sainsbury’s, and Asda, etc. The distribution intensity of the new brand and its products is dep endent upon various factors including the size of the target market segment, pricing of the company and funds to be allocated for the promotion of the brand. Initially, the new brand will use selective distribution to sell its products to wholesalers and retail outlets and coffee shops in London Area. The reason for choosing this approach is due to the company’s unique selling proposition which needs to be tested out in one major region of UK tea market. Once the company gain experiences from this market then it will engage in intensive distribution throughout UK. e.Price There are various pricing strategies that may be considered when introducing a new brand in the market. Based on the characteristics of the UK tea market it... The distribution intensity of the new brand and its products is dependent upon various factors including the size of the target market segment, pricing of the company and funds to be allocated for the promotion of the brand. Initially, the new brand will use selective distribution to sell its products to wholesalers and retail outlets and coffee shops in London Area. The reason for choosing this approach is due to the company’s unique selling proposition which needs to be tested out in one major region of UK tea market. Once the company gain experiences from this market then it will engage in intensive distribution throughout UK. e.Price There are various pricing strategies that may be considered when introducing a new brand in the market. Based on the characteristics of the UK tea market it is obvious that the new brand has to face tough landscape in terms of the intense competition between existing prices and their ability to produce and market tea at lower profit margins. According to BBC, the price of tea is rising due to the increase in demand for tea (Twining). Therefore, the company can adjust its pricing strategy according to the expected demand for its different types of herbal and specialized teas.